Are you interested in surgical technology and curious to learn more about this rewarding career path? You may not be aware of the fact that there are a variety of different surgical tech specialties, allowing you the opportunity to deepen your knowledge in a particular area.
A Surgical Technologist program helps equip you with the hands-on experience needed to excel in the field. It can also help you discover surgical tech specializations that align with your interests.
This post examines 10 different types of surgical technologist specialties, including job responsibilities, education requirements, and skills needed to succeed as a surgical technologist.
What is a Surgical Tech?
Surgical technologists — also called surgical techs, scrub techs (not to be confused with scrub nurses), or operating room technicians — are allied health professionals who work alongside surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and other healthcare professionals to deliver surgical care.
The role of a surgical tech in an operating room is critical because they are responsible for maintaining a sterile environment, organizing and managing instruments and supplies, and assisting the surgical team throughout the procedure.
Their work is primarily divided into three different phases:
- Preoperative phase (before surgery)
- Intraoperative phase (during surgery)
- Postoperative phase (after surgery)
Each phase requires the same precision and careful attention to detail to make sure the surgery runs smoothly, the patient remains safe throughout the entire duration, and the surgical team has everything they need to properly perform the surgery.
10 Surgical Tech Specialties to Consider
Surgical technologists can practice as generalists, but many also choose to specialize — though specializing may require additional training. Below are 10 surgical tech specialties:
1. Neurosurgical Technologist
Neurosurgical technologists, sometimes called neurosurgery technologists, assist neurosurgeons, nurses, and related healthcare professionals with a wide range of conditions, diseases, and injuries that surround the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. They prepare specialized instruments, maintain sterile conditions, and track essential supplies throughout complex operations.
Because of the delicate nature of neurosurgery, this role heavily requires strong concentration, steady hands, and in-depth knowledge of neurological anatomy.
2. Cardiovascular Operating Room (CVOR) Surgical Technologist
Cardiovascular operating room surgical technologists work alongside cardiac surgeons during heart and vascular procedures. Among a CVOR surg tech’s responsibilities, they set up instruments, organize bypass machines, and keep a sterile field in high-pressure operating rooms.
Attention to detail and familiarity with specialized equipment like defibrillators and electrocardiogram (EKG) machines are a must. These techs also assist with patient preparation, monitor supplies, and communicate changes swiftly to keep procedures running correctly as surgeons work efficiently on the heart or blood vessels.
3. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Technologist
Plastic and reconstructive surgical technologists help surgeons perform cosmetic or restorative procedures. They prepare operating rooms with specialized tools like forceps, prosthetics, and cannulas, maintain sterile conditions, and anticipate surgeon needs.
Beyond ensuring a clean surgical space, these technologists know how to expertly handle instruments for suturing, grafting, and suctioning. Their attention to detail is critical for the precision and success of delicate and transformative surgeries.
4. Orthopedic Surgical Technologist
Orthopedic surgical technologists assist with procedures involving bones, joints, and connective tissues — conditions related to the musculoskeletal system. They organize instruments, position patients, and help with tasks like casting or placing implants.
Because these surgeries often involve the use of heavy equipment, physical stamina and dexterity are skills that prospective orthopedic surgical technologists must have, including a solid understanding of musculoskeletal anatomy.
5. Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) Surgical Technologist;
OB/GYN surgical technologists assist during labor, delivery, and other women’s health procedures. They ready instruments for procedures such as cesarean sections, maintain clean delivery areas, and help ensure patient comfort. OB/GYN surgical technologists may also be responsible for transporting patients in active labor to the delivery room.
In every scenario, calm communication and awareness of potential complications that might arise during surgery are needed to successfully perform as an OB/GYN surgical technologist.
6. Urological Surgical Technologist
Urological surgical technologists participate in surgeries involving the urinary tract and related structures. They sterilize specialty instruments, assist with managing catheterization, and handle specimen collection.
Protecting patient privacy, managing accurate records, and spotting potential concerns are integral to the role. Urological surgical technologists must not only be proficient with scopes and imaging tools but also demonstrate compassion to help keep patients at ease during highly sensitive procedures.
7. Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Surgical Technologist
ENT surgical technologists assist ENT surgeons — also known as otolaryngologists — in performing surgeries related to hearing, breathing, and swallowing. They prepare operating rooms and sterilize equipment for procedures like tonsillectomies, tympanoplasties, and cochlear implant surgeries. Strong communication, adaptability, and organizational abilities are important in busy ENT settings.
8. Ophthalmic Surgical Technician
Ophthalmic surgical technicians address eye conditions such as cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, or corneal issues. They arrange tools for vision-correcting procedures, enforce stringent sterile techniques, and provide postoperative care. Precise handling is paramount to avoid injury to delicate structures of the eye.
Due to the sensitive nature of eye surgeries, ophthalmic surgical technicians must maintain a keen attention to detail, ensuring that every instrument is properly sterilized and that every step of the procedure is stringently executed to protect the patient’s vision and overall ocular health.
9. Oral Surgery Technician
Oral surgery technicians assist dentists or oral surgeons during tooth extractions, implants, and corrective jaw operations. They handle sedation equipment, prepare surgical tools, and maintain sterile conditions.
Precise manual dexterity, a strong grasp of dental anatomy, and focused attention guide them through these treatments. Clear communication is key to this role as oftentimes, oral surgery technicians must reassure patients of all ages who may feel uneasy about oral surgery.
10. Travel Surgical Technologist
Though not a speciality in the same sense as the previous nine examples, travel surgical technologists move between facilities in various locations, offering the same support as traditional surgical techs while regularly adjusting to new teams and environments.
These surgical techs must have strong organizational and communication skills as well as be highly flexible to help with changing protocols.
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What Education Do You Need to Become a Surgical Tech?
One common pathway towards becoming a surgical tech is graduating from an accredited surgical technology program and passing the Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) exam.
While the exact requirements for practicing as a surgical technologist vary by state, passing the CST exam can help to formally demonstrate your knowledge and skill within your field — which can appeal to potential employers.
There may be employers who do not require the completion of a formal surgical technology program. However, completing a Surgical Technology program can help you build a strong foundation in a flexible and hands-on learning environment.
Earn Your Associate’s in Surgical Technology at ACC
If you’re looking to become a certified surgical technologist, ACC offers an associate degree in surgical technology that is accredited by the Accredited Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES). You’ll gain experience in the classroom, lab, and even real operating settings to prepare you for the CST exam so you can advance your education with confidence.
If you’re a working professional and/or have other personal commitments, you can rest easy knowing you can complete your surgical tech degree in as little as 20 months through a blended format (which combines online coursework with in-person instruction).
Start sooner, graduate sooner — learn more about the Surgical Technology program at ACC.
